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Everyday, pilgrims visit this mosque to worship as well as pilgrimage to the tomb of Sunan Kudus located on the west side of the mosque complex. In addition, this mosque is the center of the crowd at the Dhandhangan Festival held by Kudus residents to welcome the holy month of Ramadan [2].
The establishment of the Menara Kudus Mosque is inseparable from the role of Sunan Kudus as the initiator and founder. Like the other Walisongo, Sunan Kudus uses a cultural (cultural) approach to preaching. He adapted and carried out the indigenization of Islamic teachings in the midst of a society that had established culture in the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism. Acculturation of Hindu and Buddhist cultures in Islamic preaching carried out by Sunan Kudus is clearly seen in the architecture and concepts of the Menara Kudus Mosque.
This mosque was founded in 956 H or 1549 AD This is based on Arabic inscriptions written on stone inscriptions measuring 30 cm wide and 46 cm long which are located on the mosque's mihrab. [3]. The laying of the first stone uses stones from Baitul Maqdis in Palestine, therefore the mosque was later named the Al Aqsa Mosque.
The Menara Kudus Mosque has five doors to the right, and five doors to the left. The windows are all 4 pieces. The big door consists of 5 pieces, and a large pole inside the mosque which comes from teak wood, there are 8 pieces. However, this mosque is not in accordance with the original, larger than before because it was renovated in 1918 [citation needed]. Inside there is a mosque pool, the pool which is the padasan is an ancient relic and used as a place for ablution.
Inside the mosque there are two flags, which are located on the right and left where the preacher reads the sermon. On the front porch of the mosque there is the gate of Paduraksa, which is commonly referred to by the residents as "Lawang Kembar".
In the mosque complex there is also a shower for eight ablutions. In the shower, a statue is placed. The number of eight showers, supposedly adapting Buddhist beliefs, namely "Eight Paths of Truth" or Asta Sanghika Marga.
Menara Kudus has a height of 18 meters with a base measuring 10 x 10 m. Around the building are decorated with illustrated plates, all of which are 32 pieces. Twenty of them are blue and painted with mosques, humans with camels and palm trees. Meanwhile, 12 other red and white fruits depict flowers. Inside the tower there is a ladder made of teak wood which was probably made in 1895 AD The building and decoration clearly shows a connection with Javanese Hindu art because the Menara Kudus building consists of 3 parts: (1) feet, (2) bodies, and (3) the top of the building. The tower is also decorated with antefixes (ornaments that resemble small hills). [4]
The legs and body of the tower were built and carved with Javanese-Hindu traditions, including their motives. Another feature can be seen in the use of brick materials installed without cement adhesives. Traditional Javanese construction techniques can also be seen in the section of the tower in the form of a building constructed of teak wood with four sticks of saka teachers which support two tajug roofs.
At the top of the tajug roof there is a kind of mustaka (head) like on the tops of the overlapping roofs of the main buildings of traditional mosques on Java which clearly refer to elements of Javanese-Hindu architecture.
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